Discovery of Native Autoantigens via Antigen Surrogate Technology: Application to Type 1 Diabetes

Discovery of Native Autoantigens via Antigen Surrogate Technology: Application to Type 1 Diabetes

A fundamental goal in understanding the mechanisms of autoimmune disease is the characterization of autoantigens that are targeted by autoreactive antibodies and T cells. Unfortunately, the identification of autoantigens is a difficult problem. We have begun to explore a novel route to the discovery of autoantibody/autoantigen pairs that involves comparative screening of combinatorial libraries...

Humoral Autoimmunity Against Type 1 Diabetes-Associated Tyrosine Phosphatase Autoantigens

Antigen targets of type 1 diabetes autoimmunity.

Type 1 diabetes is characterized by recognition of one or more β-cell proteins by the immune system. The list of target antigens in this disease is ever increasing and it is conceivable that additional islet autoantigens, possibly including pivotal β-cell targets, remain to be discovered. Many knowledge gaps remain with respect to the disorder's pathogenesis, including the cause of loss of tole...

Humoral immune response to islet autoantigens in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes.

In this study, we evaluated autoantibodies to IA-2 (IA-2As), glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GADAs), and islet cell antibodies (ICAs) in 233 patients with type 1 diabetes (M:F = 90:143, mean duration 4.0 +/- 6.7 yr) as a cross-sectional study. Of 233 patients with type 1 diabetes, IA-2A was detected in 58% of patients with duration within 2 weeks, 61% of patients with duration <1 yr, 41% of pat...

Perspectives in Diabetes The Discovery of Type 1 Diabetes

The etiological heterogeneity of idiopathic diabetes has been recognized for 25 years, and subdivision into type 1 and type 2 diabetes is fundamental to the way we think about the disease. Review of the literature suggests that the concept of type 1 diabetes as an immunemediated disease emerged rapidly over the period from 1974 to 1976 and showed many of the features of a classic paradigm shift...